“Consideration” definition of section 8C of ITA

‘consideration’ in respect of an equity instrument means any amount given or to be given (otherwise man in the form of services rendered or to be rendered or anything done, to be done or not to be done) –

 

(a)     by the taxpayer in respect of that equity instrument;

 

(b)     by the taxpayer in respect of any other restricted equity instrument which had been disposed of by that taxpayer in exchange for that equity instrument, reduced by any amount attributable to the gain or loss determined in terms of subsection (4)(b); or

 

(c)     by any person contemplated in subsection (5) (a) or (b) in respect of that restricted equity instrument to the extent that the amount does not exceed the amount the taxpayer would have had to give to acquire that equity instrument had it not been disposed of or deemed to have been disposed of by him or her, but does not include any amount given or to be given by that person to the taxpayer to acquire that restricted equity instrument:

 

Provided that where a taxpayer acquires –

 

(a)     an equity instrument in exchange for any other equity instrument, as contemplated in subsection (4)(a), the market value of the equity instrument given in exchange must not be taken into account in determining the consideration in respect of the equity instrument so acquired; or

 

(b)     a right to acquire any marketable security in exchange for any other such right, as contemplated in section 8A(5), and the right so acquired constitutes an equity instrument acquired in the manner contemplated in subsection (1), the consideration for that equity instrument must be determined as if it was acquired in the manner contemplated in subsection (4)(a);

“Qualifying medical expenses” definition of section 6B of ITA

‘qualifying medical expenses’ means-

 

(a)     any amounts (other than amounts recoverable by a person or his or her spouse) which were paid by the person during the year of assessment to any duly registered-

 

(i)      medical practitioner, dentist, optometrist, homeopath, naturopath, osteopath, herbalist, physiotherapist, chiropractor or orthopedist for professional services rendered or medicines supplied to the person or any dependant of the person;

 

(ii)     nursing home or hospital or any duly registered or enrolled nurse, midwife or nursing assistant (or to any nursing agency in respect of the services of such a nurse, midwife or nursing assistant) in respect of the illness or confinement of the person or any dependant of the person; or

 

(iii)    pharmacist for medicines supplied on the prescription of any person mentioned in subparagraph (i) for the person or any dependant of the person;

  

(b)     any amounts (other than amounts recoverable by a person or his or her spouse) which were paid by the person during the year of assessment in respect of expenditure incurred outside the Republic on services rendered or medicines supplied to the person or any dependant of the person, and which are substantially similar to the services and medicines contemplated in   paragraph (a); and

  

(c)     any expenditure that is prescribed by the Commissioner (other than expenditure recoverable by a person or his or her spouse) necessarily incurred and paid by the person during the year of assessment in consequence of any physical impairment or disability suffered by the person or any dependant of the person.

Subsection 5 of section 8 of ITA

(5)

(a)     Any amount which has been paid, whether in the form of rent or otherwise, by any person for the right of use or occupation of any movable or immovable property and has been allowed as a deduction in the determination of such person’s taxable income, and which or the equivalent of which is upon the subsequent acquisition of such property by that or any other person applied in reduction or towards settlement of the purchase price of such property, shall be included in the income of the person by whom the property is acquired as aforesaid for the year of assessment in which such person exercises the option or concludes the agreement, as the case may be, in consequence of which the property is acquired by him: Provided that the provisions of this subsection shall not apply in any case where, in consequence of the acquisition of such property, the person who has acquired the property or any other person has derived a taxable benefit the cash equivalent of which has been included in his gross income in terms of the provisions of paragraph (i) of the definition of “gross income” in section 1.

(b)     Where any amount has been paid by any person for the right of use or occupation of any property which is thereafter acquired by that or any other person for a consideration which  is less than the fair market value of such property, it shall for the purposes of paragraph (a) be deemed that the said amount, or so much thereof as does not exceed the fair market value of such property less the amount of the consideration, if any, for which it has been acquired as aforesaid, has been applied in reduction or towards settlement of the purchase price of such property.

[Paragraph (b) substituted by section 8 of Act 94 of 1983, section 5 of Act 43 of 2014 and section 8 of Act 25 of 2015 effective 8 January 2016]

(bA)  If after the termination by the effluxion of time or otherwise of a lease of property consisting of corporeal movable goods or of any machinery or plant in respect of which the lessor under such lease was entitled to any allowance under the provisions of this Act, the person who was the lessee under such lease (hereinafter referred to as the former lessee) is, with the express or implied consent or acquiescence of the person who was the lessor under such lease (hereinafter referred to as the former lessor) or of the owner of the property, allowed to use, enjoy or deal with the property as the former lessee may deem fit-

(i)      without the payment of any consideration; or

(ii)     in the case of a lease without the payment of any rental or other consideration or subject to the payment of any consideration which is nominal in relation to the fair market value of the property,

the former lessee shall be deemed for the purposes of paragraph (b) to have acquired the property  for no consideration and, if the property was owned by the former lessor, the fair market value thereof shall be deemed for the said purposes to be the cost to the former lessor of the property  (or, where the said lease was a financial lease contemplated in paragraph (b) of the definition of ‘instalment credit agreement’ in section 1 of the Value-Added Tax Act, the cash value as defined in that Act of the property, less a depreciation allowance calculated in accordance with paragraph (bB)(i) for the period from the commencement to the termination of the lease.

[Words following subparagraph (ii) substituted by section 8 of Act 25 of 2015 effective on 8 January 2016]

(bB)   For the purposes of paragraph (bA)

(i)      the depreciation allowance shall be calculated as an aggregate of annual allowances for the years in the period for which the depreciation allowance may be made, the allowance for the first year in the said period being calculated at the rate of 20 per cent of the said cost or cash value, as the case may be, of the property in question and the allowance for each succeeding year in that period being calculated at the said rate on the balance of the said cost or cash value, as the case may be, remaining after the deduction therefrom of the allowance or allowances calculated for the year or years preceding such succeeding year;

(ii)     the former lessor of the property in question, or the owner thereof, as the case may be, shall, unless and until the contrary is proved, be deemed to have consented to the former lessee using, enjoying or dealing with the property as contemplated in the said paragraph if, at the end of a period of three months reckoned after the date on which the lease in question terminated, the former lessor has not instituted proceedings to compel the former lessee to return the property to the former lessor or to relinquish possession thereof or to dispose thereof in accordance with the terms of the lease;

(iii)    where any consideration is payable in respect of the property in question for the period after the termination of the lease in question, such consideration shall be deemed to be nominal in relation to the fair market value of the property if that consideration, in relation to the period for which it is payable, amounts to less than 10 per cent per annum of the said fair market value;

(iv)    if after the termination of a lease referred to in the said paragraph (bA) the former lessee is required to pay a consideration in respect of his right to use, enjoy or deal with the property in question but ceases to pay such consideration or, in the case of a lease referred to in subparagraph (ii) of the said paragraph (bA), pays a consideration in respect of such right which is nominal in relation to the fair market value of the property, the said lease shall be deemed to have been terminated on the date from which the former lessee is no longer required to pay such consideration or in the case of a lease referred to in the said subparagraph (ii), whereafter the consideration payable by him becomes nominal as aforesaid.

(v)     ……….

(bC)   Any person who, as a former lessor of property referred to in paragraph (bA) or as the owner thereof, has after the termination of the lease of such property consented to the former lessee thereof using, enjoying or dealing with such property as contemplated in the said paragraph, or is deemed to have so consented under the provisions of paragraph (bB) (ii), shall not later than 14 days after the end of three months after the termination of the relevant lease advise the former lessee of the fair market value of such property as determined in accordance with paragraph (bA).

Section 6quin (ITA) – Rebate in respect of foreign taxes on income from source within Republic

6quin.     Rebate in respect of foreign taxes on income from source within Republic

(1)       ……….

[Subsection (1) amended by section 4 of Act 22 of 2012 and section 13 of Act 24 of 2011 and deleted by section 7 of Act 25 of 2015 effective on 1 January 2016]

(2)     ……….

[Subsection (2) deleted by section 7 of Act 25 of 2015 effective on 1 January 2016]

(3)     ……….

[Subsection (3) amended by section 4 of Act 22 of 2012 and deleted by section 7 of Act 25 of 2015 efffective on 1 January 2016]

(3A)    ……….

[Subsection (3A) inserted by section 13 of Act 24 of 2011, substituted by section 4 of Act 39 of 2013 and deleted by section 7 of Act 25 of 2015 effective on 1 January 2016]

(4)     ………….

[Subsection (4) deleted by section 7 of Act 25 of 2015 effective on 1 January 2016]

(5)     Where, during any year of assessment, a rebate was deducted in terms of this section from the normal tax payable by a resident and, in any year of assessment subsequent to that year of assessment, that resident receives any amount by way of refund in respect of the amount so deducted or is discharged from any liability in respect of that amount, so much of the amount so received or so much of the amount of that discharge as does not exceed that rebate must be deemed to be an amount of normal tax payable by that resident in respect of that subsequent year of assessment.

[Subsection (5) inserted by section 4 of Act 22 of 2012 and substituted by section 7 of Act 25 of 2015 effective on 1 January 2016]

Section 7 (ITA) – When income is deemed to have accrued or to have been received

7.     When income is deemed to have accrued or to have been received

(1)     Income shall be deemed to have accrued to a person notwithstanding that such income has been invested, accumulated or otherwise capitalized by him or that such income has not been actually paid over to him but remains due and payable to him or has been credited in account or reinvested or accumulated or capitalized or otherwise dealt with in his name or on his behalf, and a complete statement of all such income shall be included by any person in the returns rendered by him under this Act.

(2)     Any income received by or accrued to any person married in or out of community of property (hereinafter referred to as the recipient) shall be deemed for the purposes of this Act to be income accrued to such person’s spouse (hereinafter referred to as the donor) if

(a)     such income was derived by the recipient in consequence of a donation, settlement or other disposition made by the donor on or after 20 March 1991 or of a transaction, operation or scheme entered into or carried out by the donor on or after that date, and the sole or main purpose of such donation, settlement or other disposition or of such transaction, operation or scheme was the reduction, postponement or avoidance of the donor’s liability for any tax, levy or duty which, but for such donation, settlement, other disposition, transaction, operation or scheme, would have become payable by the donor under this Act or any other Act administered by the Commissioner; or

(b)     income was received by or accrued to the recipient


(i)      from any trade carried on by the recipient in partnership or association with the donor or which is in any way connected with any trade carried on by the donor; or

(ii)     from the donor or any partnership of which the donor was at the time of such receipt or accrual a member or any private company of which the donor was at such time the sole or main holder of shares or one of the principal holders of of share,

and such income represents the whole or any portion of the total income so received by or accrued to the recipient which exceeds the amount of income to which the recipient would reasonably be entitled having regard to the nature of the relevant trade, the extent of the recipient’s participation therein, the services rendered by the recipient or any other relevant factor; or

(c)     ……….

(2A)  In the case of spouses who are married in community of property

(a)     any income (other than income derived from the letting of fixed property) which has been derived from the carrying on of any trade shall, if such trade is carried on

 

(i)      by only one of the spouses, be deemed to have accrued to that spouse; or

(ii)     jointly by both spouses, be deemed, subject to the provisions of subsection (2) (b), to have accrued to both spouses in the proportions determined by them in terms of the agreement that regulates their joint trade or, if there is no such agreement, in the proportion to which each spouse would reasonably be entitled having regard to the nature of the relevant trade, the extent of each spouse’s participation therein, the services rendered by each spouse or any other relevant factor; and

(b)     any income derived from the letting of fixed property and any income derived otherwise than from the carrying on of any trade shall be deemed to have accrued in equal shares to both spouses: Provided that any such income which does not fall into the joint estate of the spouses shall be deemed to be income accrued to the spouse who is entitled thereto.

(2B)   So much of any deduction or allowance which may be made under the provisions of this Act in the determination of the taxable income derived from any income referred to in subsections (2) and (2A) as relates to any portion of such income which is under the provisions of that subsection deemed to be income accrued to a spouse shall be deemed to be a deduction or allowance which may be made in the determination of the taxable income of such spouse.

(2C)   For the purposes of subsection (2A)

(a)     any benefit paid or payable to a spouse in his or her capacity as a member or past member of a pension fund, pension preservation fund, provident fund, provident preservation fund, benefit fund, retirement annuity fund or any other fund of a similar nature shall be deemed to be income derived by such spouse from a trade carried on by him or her;

(b)     any annuity amount (as defined in section 10A) paid or payable to a spouse shall be deemed to be income derived by such spouse from a trade carried on by him; and

(c)     where any spouse is the

(i)      registered holder of a patent as defined in the Patents Act or any design as defined in the Designs Act or any trade mark as defined in the Trade Marks Act; or

(ii)     author of a work on which copyright has been conferred in terms of the Copyright Act or the owner of such a copyright by reason of assignment, testamentary disposition or operation of law; or

(iii)    holder of any other property or right of a similar nature,

any income derived from the grant of the right of use of such patent, design, trade mark, copyright or other property or right shall be deemed to be income derived by such spouse from a trade carried on by him.

(3)     Income shall be deemed to have been received by the parent of any minor child or stepchild, if by reason of any donation, settlement or other disposition made by that parent of that child

(a)     it has been received by or has accrued to or in favour of that child or has been expended for the maintenance, education or benefit of that child; or

(b)     it has been accumulated for the benefit of that child.

(4)     Any income received by or accrued to or in favour of any minor child or stepchild of any person, by reason of any donation, settlement or other disposition made by any other person, shall be deemed to be the income of the parent of that child, if such parent or his or her spouse has made a donation, settlement or other disposition or given some other consideration in favour directly or indirectly of the said other person or his or her family.

(5)     If any person has made any donation, settlement or other disposition which is subject to a stipulation or condition, whether made or imposed by such person or anybody else, to the effect that the beneficiaries thereof or some of them shall not receive the income or some portion of the income thereunder until the happening of some event, whether fixed or contingent, so much of any income as would, but for such stipulation or condition, in consequence of the donation, settlement or other disposition be received by or accrue to or in favour of the beneficiaries, shall, until the happening of that event or the death of that person, whichever first takes place, be deemed to be the income of that person.

(6)     If any deed of donation, settlement or other disposition contains any stipulation that the right to receive any income thereby conferred may, under powers retained by the person by whom that right is conferred, be revoked or conferred upon another, so much of any income as in consequence of the donation, settlement or other disposition is received by or accrues to or in favour of the person on whom that right is conferred, shall be deemed to be the income of the person by whom it is conferred, so long as he retains those powers.

(7)     If by reason of any donation, settlement or other disposition made, whether before or after the commencement of this Act, by any person (hereinafter referred to as the donor)

(a)     the donor’s right to receive or have paid to him or for his benefit any amount by way of rent, dividend, foreign dividend, interest, royalty or similar income in respect of any movable or immovable property (including without limiting the foregoing any lease, company share, marketable security, deposit, loan, copyright, design or trade mark) or in respect of the use of, or the granting of permission to use, such property, is ceded or otherwise made over to any other person or to a third party for that other person’s benefit in such manner that the donor remains the owner of or retains an interest in the said property or if the said property or interest is transferred, delivered or made over to the said other person or to a third party for the said other person’s benefit, in such manner that the donor is or will at a fixed or determinable time be entitled to regain ownership of or the interest in the said property; or

(b)     the donor’s right to receive or have paid to him or for his benefit any income that is or may become due to him by any other person acting in a fiduciary capacity is ceded or otherwise made over to any other person or to a third party for that other person’s benefit in such manner that the donor is or will at a determinable time be entitled to regain the said right,

any such rent, dividend, foreign dividend, interest, royalty or income (including any amount which, but for this subsection, would have been exempt from tax in the hands of the said other person) as is received by or accrues to or for the benefit of the said other person on or after 1 July 1983 and which would otherwise, but for the said donation, settlement or other disposition, have been received by or have accrued to or for the benefit of the donor, shall be deemed to have been received by or to have accrued to the donor.

(8)

(a)     Whereby reason of or in consequence of any donation, settlement or other disposition (other than a donation, settlement or other disposition to an entity which is not a resident and which is similar to a public benefit organisation contemplated in section 30) made by any resident, any amount is received by or accrued to any person who is not a resident (other than a controlled foreign company in relation to such resident), which would have constituted income had that person been a resident, there shall be included in the income of that resident so much of that amount as is attributable to that donation, settlement or other disposition.

(aA)  In determining, for purposes of paragraph (a), whether an amount received by or that accrued to a person who is not a resident would have constituted income had that person been a resident, the provisions of section 10B(2)(a) must be disregarded in respect of a receipt or accrual consisting of or derived, directly or indirectly, from a foreign dividend-

(i)      paid or payable by a company if-

(aa)    more than 50 per cent of the total participation rights, as defined in section 9D(1), or of the voting rights in that company are directly or indirectly held or are exercisable, as the case may be, by that person whether alone or together with any one or more persons that are connected persons in relation to that person; and

(bb)   the resident who made the donation, settlement or other disposition or any person that is a connected person in relation to that resident is a connected person in relation to the person who is not a resident; and

(ii)     to the extent to which that foreign dividend is not derived from an amount that must be included in the income of or that must be attributed as a capital gain to-

(aa)   the resident who made that donation, settlement or other disposition; or

(bb)   a resident who is a connected person in relation to the resident referred to in item (aa).

[Paragraph (aA) inserted by section 8 of Act 23 of 2018 effective on 1 March 2019 and applies in respect of amounts received or accrued on or after that date]

(b)     So much of any expenditure, allowance or loss incurred by the person contemplated in paragraph (a) as does not exceed the amount included in the income of the resident in terms of that paragraph and which would be allowable as a deduction under this Act in the determination of the taxable income derived from that amount had that person been a resident, is deemed to be an expenditure, allowance or loss incurred by that resident for purposes of the determination of the taxable income of that resident from that amount.

(9)     Where any asset has been disposed of for a consideration which is less than the market value of such asset, the amount by which such market value exceeds such consideration shall for the purposes of this section be deemed to be a donation.

(10)   Any resident who, at any time during any year of assessment makes any donation, settlement or other disposition as contemplated in this section, shall disclose such fact to the Commissioner in writing when submitting his return of income for such year and at the same time furnish such information as may be required by the Commissioner for the purposes of this section.

(11)   Any amount received by or accrued to any person by way of deduction from the minimum individual reserve of any other person in terms of –

(a)     section 37D(1)(d)(iA) of the Pension Funds Act; or

(b)     section 37D(1)(e) of the Pension Funds Act to the extent that the deduction is a result of a deduction contemplated in paragraph (a),

[Paragraph (b) substituted by section 8 of Act 31 of 2013 and section 4 of Act 43 of 2014 effective on 28 February 2014]

shall be deemed for the purposes of this Act to be income accrued to that other person on the date of the deduction.

“Hybrid debt instrument” definition of section 8F of ITA

‘hybrid debt instrument’ means any instrument in respect of which a company owes an amount during a year of assessment if in terms of any arrangement as defined in section 80L-

(a)     that company is in that year of assessment entitled or obliged to-

(i)      convert that instrument (or any part thereof) in any year of assessment to; or

(ii)     exchange that instrument (or any part thereof) in any year of assessment for,

shares unless the market value of those shares is equal to the amount owed in terms of the instrument at the time of conversion or exchange;

(b)     the obligation to pay an amount so owed on a date or dates falling within that year of assessment has been deferred by reason of that obligation being conditional upon the market value of the assets of that company not being less than the amount of the liabilities of that company; or

[Paragraph (b) substituted by section 16 of Act 15 of 2016 effective on 1 January 2016, applies in respect of years of assessment commencing on or after that date]

(c)     that company owes the amount to a connected person in relation to that company and is not obliged to redeem the instrument, excluding any instrument payable on demand, within 30 years from the date of issue of that instrument;

[Words and subparagraphs preceding the proviso substituted by section 9 of Act 25 of 2015 effective on 1 January 2016]

Provided that, for the purposes of this paragraph, where the company has the right to-

(aa)    convert that instrument to; or

(bb)   exchange that instrument for,

a financial instrument other than a share-

(A)    that conversion or exchange must be deemed to be an arrangement in respect of that instrument; and

(B)    that instrument and that financial instrument must be deemed to be one and the same instrument for the purposes of determining the period within which the company is obliged to redeem that instrument;